Tapestry of Islamic Motifs Over the Ages

By Dr. Nafisa Sayed-Motiwala

The history of Islamic motifs is a fascinating journey, marked by the integration of symbols that evolved over centuries. The motifs that were profusely incorporated across architecture, ceramics, manuscripts, amidst others emerged from the fusion of various artistic traditions encountered during the early spread of Islam. These motifs were not created in a vacuum but evolved from pre-existing Greek, Roman, and Sasanian designs, which were then adapted and transformed into distinctively Islamic forms. Early Islamic art was influenced by Roman, Early Christian (Byzantine), and Sasanian art. On the other hand, influences from Central Asian nomadic traditions and Chinese art became apparent, especially in painting, pottery, and textiles

Geometric Designs: The Heart of Islamic Art

Geometric patterns are deeply rooted in the artistic traditions of the Byzantine and Sasanian empires. The artisans adopted and adapted existing shapes and patterns, developing them into sophisticated designs based on polygonal tessellation, which required precision par excellence. These patterns often emphasize unity, order, and symmetry, reflecting a belief in the divine order of the universe. Unlike the modern-day tools, the craftsmanship employed primary tools such as the compass and straight edge for creating these patterns, often based on the harmonious subdivisions of circles. 

Floral Motifs: The Arabesque

art by Nafisa Syed

The evolution of Arabesque, also known as Islami or Zukhruf Islami, parallels the development of Islamic Nations. This motif refers to the floral and vegetative style in Islamic art.  It was adopted and adapted decorative arts to fit Islamic principles, influenced by each other and by other cultures like China and Byzantium, where Islam spread. Islami styles are characterized by the specific motifs used, which often represent local plant life and create a sense of connection with nature, including inspiration from the cave paintings of animals and birds by the Seljuks from Central Asia.

Calligraphy: Art of the Divine

The evolution of Arabesque, also known as Islami or Zukhruf Islami, parallels the development of Islamic Nations. This motif refers to the floral and vegetative style in Islamic art.  It was adopted and adapted decorative arts to fit Islamic principles, influenced by each other and by other cultures like China and Byzantium, where Islam spread. Islami styles are characterized by the specific motifs used, which often represent local plant life and create a sense of connection with nature, including inspiration from the cave paintings of animals and birds by the Seljuks from Central Asia.

A Unifying Visual Language 

The symbolism in Islamic motifs reflect a blend of diverse cultures that grew to shape the designs. Islamic artists demonstrated a unique ability to synthesize diverse influences and develop original styles, creating a distinctive visual language in the later phase. Despite the existence of regional variations, a common appreciation for geometric, calligraphic, and abstract floral patterns united Islamic art across different regions.